| Former capital city
| Country, empire
| Since
| Until
| Change, reason
|
| Vlorë
| Albania
| 1912
| 1920
| moved to Tirana
|
| Melbourne
| Australia
| 1901
| 1927
| moved to Canberra because of rivalry between Melbourne and Sydney
|
| Vienna
| Holy Roman Empire
| s.XVI
| 1806
| became in Austrian Empire
|
| Vienna
| Austrian Empire
| 1815
| 1867
| became in Austro-Hungarian Empire
|
| Vienna
| Austro-Hungarian Empire
| 1867
| 1918
| became in Republic of Austria
|
| St. George
| Bermuda (Brit.)
|
| 1815
| moved to Hamilton
|
| Salvador da Bahia
| Brazil (Portuguese colony)
| 1549
| 1763
| moved to Rio de Janeiro
|
| Cuzco
| Incas Empire
| 13th century
| 16th century
| moved to Lima after the Spanish conquest
|
| Rio de Janeiro
| Brazil (Portuguese colony, Brazilian Empire and Republic)
| 1763
| 1960
| moved to Brasília
|
| Belize City
| British Honduras
|
| 1970
| moved to Belmopan
|
| Kingston
| Canada
| 1841
| 1843
| moved to Montreal
|
| Montreal
| Canada
| 1843
| 1849
| moved to Toronto
|
| Toronto
| Canada
| 1849
| 1859
| moved to Quebec City
|
| Quebec City
| Canada
| 1859
| 1865
| moved to Ottawa
|
| Chan Santa Cruz
| Chan Santa Cruz
| c.1852
| 1901
| became part of Mexico
|
| Anyang
| China see: Capital of China
|
| Chang'an
|
| Chengdu
|
| Chongqing
|
| Datong
|
| Hangzhou
|
| Hao
|
| Hsinking
|
| Kaifeng
|
| Luoyang
|
| Nanjing
|
| Ye
|
| Léopoldville
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the
| 1960
| 1966
| renamed Kinshasa
|
| Grand Bassam
| Côte d'Ivoire
| 1893
| 1900
| moved to Bingerville
|
| Bingerville
| Côte d'Ivoire
| 1900
| 1933
| moved to Abidjan
|
| Abidjan
| Côte d'Ivoire
| 1933
| 1983
| moved to Yamoussoukro
|
| Ciudad Trujillo
| Dominican Republic
| 1930
| 1961
| renamed Santo Domingo after the death of Trujillo
|
| Roskilde
| Denmark
| 10th century
| 1443
| moved to Copenhagen
|
| Chelmsford
| England
| ?
| ?
| ?
|
| Winchester
| England
| 10th century
| 12th century
| moved to London
|
| Turku
| Finland (Grand Duchy)
| 13th century
| 1812
| moved to Helsinki
|
| Memphis
| Egypt
|
|
|
|
| Lavuka
| Fiji (Brit.)
|
|
| moved to Suva
|
| Vichy
| France
| 1940
| 1942
| capital of Vichy France régime
|
| Berlin
| German Empire
| 1871
| 1949
| Separation of Germany to East and West Germany
|
| Plön
| German Empire
| 1945
| 1945
| Capital of the Dönitz government after Berlin was captured by the Soviet Union
|
| East Berlin
| East Germany
| 1949
| 1990
| Berlin, country ceased to exist after re-unification of Germany
|
| Bonn
| West Germany
| 1949
| 1990
| Berlin, country ceased to exist after re-unification of Germany
|
| Cape Coast
| Gold Coast (Brit.)
|
| 1877
| moved to Accra
|
| Granada
| Granada, Kingdom of
| 1250
| 1492
| Kingdom ceases to exist after the Castilian reconquest
|
| Nafplion
| Greece
| 1821
| 1836
| moved to Athens
|
| Bolama
| Guinea-Bissau
| 1879
| 1941
| moved to Bissau
|
| Boe
| Guinea-Bissau
| 1973
| 1974
| moved back to Bissau
|
| Lahaina
| Hawaii (Hawaiian monarchy)
|
| 1840
| moved to Honolulu
|
| Calcutta
| India (British)
|
| 1912
| moved to New Delhi
|
| Simla
| India (British)
|
|
| Summer capital
|
| Persepolis
| Iran (Persia)
| c.2500 B.C
|
|
|
| Ctesiphon
| Iran
|
|
|
|
| Tabriz
| Iran
| Safavid period
|
| moved to Qazvin (Being to close to the Ottoman border).
|
| Qazvin
| Iran
| Safavid period
|
| moved to Isfahan
|
| Isfahan
| Iran
| Safavid period
|
| moved to Shiraz
|
| Shiraz
| Iran
| Zand dynasty
|
| moved to Tehran
|
| Hebron
| Israel, King David's Kingdom of
| c. 1007 B.C.
| c. 1000 B.C.
| moved to Jerusalem when the kingdom is reunited under King David
|
| Tel Aviv
| Israel, State of
| May 1948
| December 1948
| moved to Jerusalem (Tel Aviv was intended to be only temporary)
|
| Torino
| Italy, Kingdom of
| 1861
| 1865
| moved to Florence
|
| Florence
| Italy, Kingdom of
| 1865
| 1871
| moved to Rome
|
| Heijo-kyo (Nara)
| Japan (Nara period)
|
| 784
|
|
| Kyoto
| Japan
|
| 1868
| moved to Tokyo (see also: Capital of Japan debate)
|
| Alma-Atta
| Kazakhstan
| 1992
| 1993
| renamed Almaty
|
| Almaty (Alma-Atta)
| Kazakhstan
| 1993
| 1998
| moved to Astana
|
| Jerusalem
| Kingdom of Jerusalem
| 1099
| 1187
| moved to Acre (Jerusalem captured by Saladin)
|
| Acre
| Kingdom of Jerusalem
| 1187
| 1291
| Kingdom ceases to exist
|
| Kaunas
| Lithuania
| 1922
| 1940
| moved back to Vilnius
|
| Płock
| Masovia
| c.1038
| 1047
| Masovia reincorporated into Poland
|
| Płock
| Masovia
| 1138
| 1313
| moved to Czersk
|
| Czersk
| Masovia
| 1313
| 1413
| moved to Warsaw
|
| Warsaw
| Masovia
| 1413
| 1526
| Masovia reincorporated into Poland
|
| Iaşi
| Moldavia
|
| 1862
| unified with Wallachia to form Romania
|
| Cetinje
| Montenegro
|
| 1946
| moved to Podgorica
|
| St. John's
| Newfoundland (British colony and Dominion)
| 1855
| 1949
| entered confederation with Canada
|
| Russell
| New Zealand
| 1840
| 1841
| moved to Auckland
|
| Auckland
| New Zealand
| 1841
| 1865
| moved to Wellington
|
| Lagos
| Nigeria
|
| 1991
| moved to Abuja
|
| Trondheim
| Norway
| 997
| 1070
| moved to Bergen
|
| Bergen
| Norway
| 1070
| 1299
| moved to Oslo
|
| Oslo
| Norway
| 1299
| 1624
| renamed Christiania
|
| Christiania
| Norway
| 1624
| 1924
| renamed Oslo
|
| Karachi
| Pakistan
|
| 1959
| moved to Rawalpindi
|
| Rawalpindi
| Pakistan
|
| 1967
| moved to Islamabad
|
| Gaza City
| State of Palestine
|
| From September till October 1, 1948
| moved to East Jerusalem
|
| Quezon City
| Philippines
| 1948
| 1976
| moved to Manila
|
| Gniezno
| Poland
| 10th century
| 1038
| moved to Krakow
|
| Poznań
| Poland
| 10th century
| 1038
| moved to Kraków
|
| Kraków
| Poland
| 1038
| 1079
| moved to Płock
|
| Płock
| Poland
| 1079
| 1138
| moved to Kraków
|
| Kraków
| Poland
| 1138
| 1290
| moved to Poznań
|
| Poznań
| Poland
| 1290
| 1296
| moved to Krakow
|
| Kraków
| Poland
| 1296
| 1596
| moved to Warsaw
|
| Paris
| Poland
| 1939
| 1940
| Government in exile
|
| London
| Poland
| 1940
| 1990
| Government in exile
|
| Lublin
| Poland
| 1944
| 1945
| de facto capital
|
| Łódź
| Poland
| 1945
| 1947
| de facto capital
|
| Porto
| Portugal, County of
| 868
| 1071
| Lost of Autonomy (Count Nuno mendes is defeated) when regained moved to Guimarães in 1095
|
| Guimarães
| Portugal, County/Kingdom of
| 1095
| 12th century
| moved to Coimbra
|
| Coimbra
| Portugal, Kingdom of
| 12th century
| 1255
| moved to Lisbon
|
| Lisbon
| Portugal, Kingdom of
| 1255
| 1808
| moved to Rio de Janeiro
|
| Rio de Janeiro
| Portugal, Kingdom of
| 1808
| 1821
| moved to Lisbon
|
| Moscow
| Russian Empire
| 13th century
| 1712
| moved to Saint Petersburg
|
| Saint Petersburg
| Russian empire
| 1712
| 1914
| renamed Petrograd
|
| Petrograd
| Russia
| 1914
| 1918
| moved to Moscow
|
| Dariyah
| Saudi state
|
| 1818
| moved to Riyadh
|
| Perth
| Scotland
| 846
| 1452
| moved to Edinburgh
|
| Edinburgh
| Scotland
| 1452
| 1707
| Scotland joined United Kingdom of Great Britain.
|
| Tulaghi
| Solomon Islands
|
|
| moved to Honiara
|
| Saigon
| South Vietnam
| 1954
| 1975
| Hanoi, country ceased to exist after unification of Vietnam
|
| Aden
| South Yemen
| 1967
| 1990
| San'a, country ceased to exist after unification of Yemen
|
| Valladolid
| Spain
| 1600
| 1606
| moved to Madrid
|
| San Sebastián
| Spain
| 19th century
|
| Summer capital
|
| Valencia
| Spain
| 1936
| 1939
| Government of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War
|
| Columbia, Texas
| Republic of Texas
| 1836
| 1837
| moved to Houston, Texas
|
| Houston, Texas
| Republic of Texas
| 1837
| 1839
| moved to Austin, Texas
|
| Austin, Texas
| Republic of Texas
| 1839
| 1845
| Texas annexed by United States
|
| Aneho
| Togo
| 1880s
| 1897
| moved to Lomé
|
| Cluj
| Transylvania
|
| 1918
| Unification with Romania.
|
| Manua, Tonga
| Tonga
|
|
|
|
| San Jose de Oruña (St. Joseph)
| Trinidad (Spanish)
| 1592
| 1783
| moved to Puerto de España (Port-of-Spain)
|
| Philadelphia
| United States
| 1776
| 1776
| moved to Baltimore
|
| Baltimore
| United States
| 1776
| 1777
| moved back to Philadelphia
|
| Philadelphia
| United States
| 1777
| 1777
| moved to Lancaster
|
| Lancaster
| United States
| 1777
| 1777
| moved to York after one day
|
| York
| United States
| 1777
| 1778
| moved back to Philadelphia
|
| Philadelphia
| United States
| 1778
| 1783
| moved to Princeton
|
| Princeton
| United States
| 1783
| 1783
| moved to Annapolis
|
| Annapolis
| United States
| 1783
| 1784
| moved to Trenton
|
| Trenton
| United States
| 1784
| 1785
| moved to New York
|
| New York
| United States
| 1785
| 1790
| moved back to Philadelphia
|
| Philadelphia
| United States
| 1790
| 1800
| moved to Washington, DC
|
| Samarkand
| Uzbekistan (SSR)
| 1925
| 1930s
| moved to Tashkent
|
| Bursa
| Ottoman empire
| 1335
| 1365
| moved to Edirne
|
| Edirne
| Ottoman empire
| 1365
| 1453
| moved to Constantinople (Istanbul)
|
| Constantinople
| Ottoman empire
| 1453
| 1923
| country ceased to exist
|
| Port-of-Spain
| West Indies Federation
| 1958
| 1962
| country ceased to exist
|
| Câmpulung
| Wallachia
| 13th century
| 15th century
| moved to Târgovişte
|
| Târgovişte
| Wallachia
|
| 1698
| moved to Bucharest
|
| Taiz
| Yemen
| 1948
| 1962
| moved to San'a
|
| Mérida
| Yucatán
| 1840
| 1847
| reunited with Mexico
|
